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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(2): 174-180, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364980

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The wide range of clinical presentations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) makes it indispensible to use tools for risk stratification and for appropriate risks management; thus, the use of prognosis scores is recommended in the immediat clinical decision-making. Objective To validate the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score as a predictor of in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge mortality in a population diagnosed with ACS. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with ACS between May and December 2018. GRACE scores were calculated, as well as their predictive value for in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge mortality. The validity of the model was assessed by two techniques: discriminative power using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and goodness-of-fit, using the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test, at the 5% level of significance. Results A total of 160 patients were included, mean age 64 (±10.9) years; of which 60% were men. The risk model showed to have satisfactory ability to predict both in-hospital mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-0.95; p = 0.014), and 6-month post-discharge mortality, with AUC of 0.78 (95%CI, 0.62-0.94), p = 0.002. The HL test indicated good-fit for both models of the GRACE score. Conclusion In this study, the GRACE risk score for predicting mortality was appropriately validated in patients with ACS, with good discriminative power and goodness-of-fit. The results suggest that the GRACE score is appropriate for clinical use in our setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Risk Assessment/methods , Acute Coronary Syndrome/mortality , Prognosis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , ROC Curve , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Mortality , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(4): 408-413, 03/07/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716304

ABSTRACT

The Firmicutes bacteria participate extensively in virulence and pathological processes. Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal microorganism; however, it is also a pathogenic bacterium mainly associated with nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are inorganic prosthetic groups involved in diverse biological processes, whose in vivo formation requires several specific protein machineries. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently studied microorganisms regarding [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis and encodes the iron-sulfur cluster and sulfur assimilation systems. In Firmicutes species, a unique operon composed of the sufCDSUB genes is responsible for [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of the E. faecalis sufCDSUB system in the [Fe-S] cluster assembly using oxidative stress and iron depletion as adverse growth conditions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated, for the first time, that Gram-positive bacteria possess an OxyR component responsive to oxidative stress conditions, as fully described for E. coli models. Likewise, strong expression of the sufCDSUB genes was observed in low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, indicating that the lowest concentration of oxygen free radicals inside cells, known to be highly damaging to [Fe-S] clusters, is sufficient to trigger the transcriptional machinery for prompt replacement of [Fe-S] clusters.


Subject(s)
Enterococcus faecalis/metabolism , Iron-Sulfur Proteins/genetics , Oxidative Stress , Biosynthetic Pathways , Iron-Sulfur Proteins/biosynthesis , Models, Molecular , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Substrate Specificity
3.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 22(1): 10-15, Jan-Mar/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-712736

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Estudos demonstram que a intervenção coronária percutânea primária realizada fora do horário de rotina está relacionada a pior prognóstico. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os desfechos da intervenção coronária percutânea primária realizada nos períodos diurno e noturno em um centro cardiológico de referência. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, que incluiu 1.108 pacientes consecutivamente atendidos por infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, divididos nos grupos intervenção coronária percutânea primária diurna (se realizada entre 8 e 20 horas) e intervenção coronária percutânea primária noturna (se realizada entre 20 e 8 horas). Resultados: Incluímos 680 pacientes no grupo diurno e 428 no grupo noturno. As características basais referentes ao perfil demográfico, fatores de risco e classificação Killip foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos, porém o tempo porta-balão foi significativamente maior no grupo noturno (84 ± 66 minutos vs. 102 ± 98 minutos; p < 0,01). Vasos culpados, e fluxos TIMI pré e pós-procedimento não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Não encontramos diferenças significantes em relação à mortalidade hospitalar (7,6% vs. 10,2%; p = 0,16), trombose de stent (2,8% vs. 2,4%; p = 0,69) ou presença de sangramento maior (1,9% vs. 2,1%; p = 0,50). Em 1 ano, a mortalidade também foi semelhante (9,5% vs. 12,6%; p = 0,12). O principal preditor de mortalidade em 1 ano foi a classe III/IV de Killip (OR = 10,02; IC 95% 5,8-17,1; p < 0,01). Conclusões: Pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio apresentam taxas de desfechos clínicos semelhantes, independentemente do horário de realização da intervenção coronária percutânea primária. No entanto, o tempo porta-balão é significativamente maior nos pacientes tratados entre 20 e 8 horas.


Background: Previous studies have shown that off-hours primary percutaneous coronary interventions are related to a worse prognosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing on- and off-hours primary percutaneous coronary interventions performed at a reference cardiology center. Methods: Prospective cohort study, including 1,108 consecutive patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction divided into primary percutaneous coronary intervention performed during regular working hours group (on-hours: 8:00 am to 8:00 pm) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention during nonregular working hours group (off-hours: 8:00 pm to 8:00 am). Results: The sample included 680 patients in the on-hours group and 428 in the off-hours group. Baseline demographic data, risk factors and Killip classification were similar in both groups, however door-to-balloon time was significantly longer in the off-hours group (84 ± 66 minutes vs. 102 ± 98 minutes; p < 0.01). Culprit vessels, pre- and post-procedure TIMI flows were not different between groups. There were no significant differences for in-hospital mortality (7.6% vs. 10.2%; p = 0.16), stent thrombosis (2.8% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.69) or major bleeding (1.9% vs. 2.1%; p = 0.50). One-year mortality was also similar (9.5% vs. 12.6%; p = 0.12). The main predictor of mortality at 1 year was Killip III/IV (OR, 10.02; 95% CI, 5.8-17.1; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patients with myocardial infarction have similar in-hospital clinical outcomes regardless of the time primary percutaneous coronary intervention is performed. However, door-to-balloon time is significantly longer in patients treated during off-hours.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Myocardial Reperfusion/methods , Aspirin/administration & dosage , Chi-Square Distribution , Multivariate Analysis , Observational Study , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stents , Treatment Outcome , Thrombosis/complications
4.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 21(1): 54-59, jan.-mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674489

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora a abordagem transradial tenha reduzido as complicações vasculares, estudos demonstram que pode estar relacionada a maior exposição radiológica. É objetivo deste estudo comparar os parâmetros de exposição radiológica em procedimentos cardiológicos invasivos pelos acessos radial e femoral. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva incluindo pacientes submetidos a cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico ou intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) entre agosto de 2010 e dezembro de 2011. Características clínicas, angiográficas e de exposição à radiação foram registradas em banco de dados específico. Os pacientes foram analisados de acordo com a via de acesso: femoral ou radial. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 1.197 pacientes, 782 submetidos a procedimentos por via femoral e 415, a procedimentos por via radial. Observou-se menor prevalência de pacientes do sexo feminino (36,2% vs. 45,6%; P < 0,01), cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica prévia (4% vs. 12,7%; P < 0,01) e valvulopatia grave (0,3% vs. 1,4%; P = 0,07) no grupo radial. A mediana da dose de radiação recebida pelos pacientes foi maior com a utilização da via radial, tanto para procedimentos diagnósticos (621,6 mGy vs. 445,7 mGy; P < 0,01) como terapêuticos (1.241,6 mGy vs. 990,9 mGy; P < 0,01). Operadores menos experientes no acesso radial expuseram pacientes a maior dose de radiação nas ICPs (1.463 mGy vs. 1.196 mGy; P = 0,02), o que não ocorreu com os mais experientes (1.311 mGy vs. 1.449 mGy; P = 0,84). CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cardiológicos invasivos são expostos a níveis maiores de radiação pela via de acesso radial. No entanto, operadores experientes podem neutralizar essa desvantagem em relação à via femoral.


BACKGROUND: Although the transradial approach had significantly reduced vascular complications, studies have demonstrated that it may be related to higher radiation exposure. The objective of this study is to compare radiation exposure in invasive cardiologic procedures using the transradial and transfemoral approaches. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between August 2010 and December 2011. Clinical, angiographic and radiation exposure characteristics were recorded in a dedicated database. Patients were analyzed according to the access route: femoral or radial. RESULTS: Of the 1,197 patients included in the study, 782 were submitted to procedures using the femoral access and 415 using the radial access. There was a lower prevalence of females (36.2% vs. 45.6%; P < 0.01), previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (4% vs. 12.7%; P < 0.01) and severe valvular heart disease (0.3% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.07) in the radial group. The median radiation dose received by the patients was higher with the radial approach, both for diagnostic (621.6 mGy vs 445.7 mGy; P < 0.01) and therapeutic procedures (1,241.6 mGy vs 990.9 mGy; P < 0.01). Less experienced operators in the radial approach exposed patients to higher radiation doses (1,463 mGy vs 1,196 mGy; P = 0.02), which did not occur with the more experienced operators (1,311 mGy vs 1,449 mGy; P = 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing invasive cardiologic procedures are exposed to higher radiation levels when the radial access is used. However, experienced operators may neutralize this disadvantage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty/methods , Femoral Artery/physiology , Radial Artery/radiation effects , Radial Artery/physiology , Radiation Exposure , Cardiac Catheterization , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods , Observational Studies as Topic , Statistics, Nonparametric
5.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 21(3): 234-239, 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690654

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A tromboaspiração é recomendada como método adjunto à intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária, mas o insucesso em recuperar trombos é relativamente frequente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de insucesso de tromboaspiração e identificar seus preditores, em uma série contemporânea de pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo que incluiu pacientes consecutivos atendidos com infarto agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST e submetidos à ICP primária com tromboaspiração no período de dezembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2011. Os procedimentos de tromboaspiração foram realizados por decisão do operador, e o sucesso foi definido como aspiração efetiva de trombo pelo cateter dedicado, com recuperação do fluxo coronário (fluxo TIMI > 0). RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 1.055 ICPs primárias, sendo que a tromboaspiração foi utilizada em 37% dos casos, com taxa de sucesso de 70%. Foram identificados 254 pacientes com sucesso e 107 com insucesso da tromboaspiração. Insucesso de tromboaspiração foi associado a: idade, hipertensão, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, ICP prévia, escore de risco TIMI, Killip IV, contagem de leucócitos, fibrinogênio sérico, diâmetro de referência do vaso-alvo e TIMI 3 pré-procedimento. Pacientes com insucesso da tromboaspiração apresentaram tendência a maior mortalidade (11,6% vs. 5,9%; P = 0,09). CONCLUSÕES: Insucesso de tromboaspiração durante ICP primária ocorreu em 30% dos casos e esteve associado a tendência de maior mortalidade. A identificação de preditores clínicos, laboratoriais e angiográficos pode auxiliar no aprimoramento desses dispositivos e em sua técnica, além da escolha de pacientes mais adequados para seu emprego.


BACKGROUND: Aspiration thrombectomy is recommended as an adjunctive method in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), however, thrombus aspiration failure is relatively frequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate and identify predictors of failed thrombus aspiration in a contemporaneous series of patients. METHODS: Prospective cohort study including consecutive patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI with thrombus aspiration from December 2009 to December 2011. Aspiration thrombectomy was performed at the operator's discretion and success was defined as effective thrombus aspiration by a dedicated catheter with the achievement of a final TIMI flow > 0. RESULTS: 1,055 primary PCIs were performed and aspiration thrombectomy was used in 37% of cases with a success rate of 70%. Aspiration thrombectomy success was observed in 254 patients whereas failure was observed in 107 patients. Aspiration thrombectomy failure was associated with age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, previous PCI, TIMI risk score, Killip IV, leukocyte count, serum fibrinogen, target vessel reference diameter and preprocedural TIMI 3 flow. Patients with failed thrombus aspiration had a trend towards higher mortality (11.6% vs. 5.9%; P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Aspiration thrombectomy failure during primary PCI was observed in 30% of the cases and was associated with a trend towards higher mortality. The identification of clinical, laboratory and angiographic predictors may help improve these devices and the technique and enable better patient selection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Antifibrinolytic Agents , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Thrombosis/therapy , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. bras. cardiol. invasiva ; 20(3): 267-273, 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656090

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) primária é o principal método de reperfusão em pacientes com infarto do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). A trombectomia por aspiração manual tem sido cada vez mais utilizada e possibilita a análise dos trombos aspirados. MÉTODOS: Pacientes consecutivos submetidos a ICP primária foram incluídos no período de dezembro de 2009 a junho de 2011. As características clínicas e laboratoriais e os dados angiográficos foram coletados prospectivamente e incluídos em banco de dados dedicado. A decisão de realizar tromboaspiração ficou a cargo dos operadores. Foram coletadas 112 amostras de trombos, armazenadas em formalina 10%, fixadas em parafina, coradas com hematoxilina-eosina, e analisadas por microscopia óptica. Na avaliação histopatológica, os trombos foram classificados em trombos recentes ou lisados/organizados. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados trombos recentes em 68 pacientes (61%) e trombos lisados/organizados em 44 pacientes (39%). Os pacientes com trombos recentes apresentaram maior infiltração de glóbulos vermelhos (P = 0,03). Não foram identificadas outras diferenças estatisticamente significantes em relação às características clínicas, angiográficas e laboratoriais ou aos desfechos clínicos entre os dois grupos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos a ICP primária, dois terços dos trombos aspirados apresentaram características histopatológicas de trombos recentes. Não foram observadas associações significativas entre essas características e aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e angiográficos nesta amostra contemporânea e representativa do mundo real.


BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI) is the preferred reperfusion method in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Manual aspiration thrombectomy has been increasingly used and enables the analysis of thrombus aspirates. METHODS: Consecutive patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled from December 2009 to June 2011. Clinical, laboratory and angiographic data were prospectively collected and entered in a dedicated database. The decision to perform thromboaspiration was left to the discretion of the operators. One hundred and twelve samples of thrombi were collected, stored in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed by light microscopy. On histopathological evaluation, the thrombi were classified as recent thrombi or lysed/organized thrombi. RESULTS: Recent thrombi were identified in 68 patients (61%) and lysed/organized thrombi in 44 patients (39%). Patients with recent thrombi had higher red blood cell infiltration (P = 0.03). There were no other statistically significant differences identified for clinical, angiographic, laboratory or clinical outcomes between the two study groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, two-thirds of thrombus aspirates showed histopathological features of recent thrombi. There were no significant associations between these characteristics and clinical, laboratory and angiographic data in this contemporary sample representative of the real world.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Angioplasty , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Prospective Studies , Coronary Thrombosis/complications , Electrocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography
7.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 17(4)out.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-621185

ABSTRACT

Após 100 anos da descrição do Trypanosoma cruzi, a moléstia de Chagas permanece como um grande desafio, em termos de saúde pública, para os países da América Latina. Entre os pontos que merecem reflexão, neste âmbito, está a necessidade de se repensar a enfermidade sob uma perspectiva evolutiva ? com base nas ideias de deriva genética, mutação e seleção natural ? e ecológica, tendo em vista a incorporação dos referenciais da educação ambiental e da educação em saúde, elementos que poderão contribuir decisivamente para o controle da doença.


100 years after the description of the Trypanosoma cruzi, Chagas? disease remains a public health challenge among the countries of Latin America. One of the points that demand reflection, in this context, is the need to rethink the disease under a evolutionary perspective ? based on ideas of genetic derivation, mutation and natural selection ? and ecological, regarding environmental education and health education interactions, elements that may contribute decisively to the control of the disease.

8.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 8(2)Apr.-June 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-489025

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the best methods to estimate live above ground biomass in the Atlantic Forest. The methods presented and conclusions are the products of a workshop entitled "Estimation of Biomass and Carbon Stocks: the Case of Atlantic Rain Forest". Aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests is mainly contained in trees. Tree biomass is a function of wood volume, obtained from the diameter and height, architecture and wood density (dry weight per unit volume of fresh wood). It can be quantified by the direct (destructive) or indirect method where the biomass quantification is estimated using mathematical models. The allometric model can be site specific when elaborated to a particular ecosystem or general that can be used in different sites. For the Atlantic Forest, despite the importance of it, there are only two direct measurements of tree biomass, resulting in allometric models specific for this ecosystem. To select one or other of the available models in the literature to estimate AGB it is necessary take into account what is the main question to be answered and the ease with which it is possible to measure the independent variables in the model. Models that present more accurate estimates should be preferred. However, more simple models...


O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a melhor forma para estimar a biomassa viva acima do solo (BVS) na Mata Atlântica. A biomassa viva acima do solo em florestas tropicais esta contida principalmente nas árvores. A biomassa das árvores é uma função do seu volume de madeira, obtido do diâmetro e da altura, de sua arquitetura e da densidade de sua madeira (peso seco por unidade de volume fresco). Ela pode ser quantificada pelo método direto (destrutivo) ou pelo método indireto onde a quantificação da biomassa é feita através de modelos matemáticos. Os modelos alométricos podem ser específicos para um determinado local, quando elaborado para um ecossistema particular, ou gerais, que podem ser utilizados em para estimar a biomassa em diferentes locais. Para a Mata Atlântica, a despeito de sua importância, existem somente duas medidas diretas de biomassa de árvores, que resultaram em modelos alométricos específicos para essas florestas. Para selecionar um ou outro modelo alométrico para estimar BVS, disponível na literatura, é necessário levar em conta o a questão a ser respondida e a facilidade com a qual é possível medir as variáveis independentes do modelo. Preferencialmente, deve-se utilizar modelos...


Subject(s)
Trees/classification , Trees/adverse effects , Biomass , Botany/classification , Flora/analysis , Flora/classification , Soil/analysis
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